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Pelvic pain during early pregnancy
Polyuria and frequency
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Red eye
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Sore throat
Stridor
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Tearing
Tinnitus
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Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy
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Section
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Acute Abdomen and Surgical Gastroenterology
Introduction
Acute Abdominal Pain
Pathophysiology
Peritonitis
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Acute Perforation
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Appendicitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Hernias of the Abdominal Wall
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Ileus
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Intestinal Obstruction
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Specific measures
Intra-abdominal Abscesses
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Ischemic Colitis
Anorectal Disorders
Introduction
History
Physical examination
Anal Fissure
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Anorectal Abscess
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Anorectal Fistula
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Fecal Incontinence
Treatment
Hemorrhoids
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Levator Syndrome
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pilonidal Disease
Proctitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pruritus Ani
Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Approach to the Patient With Lower GI Complaints
Introduction
Constipation
Etiology
Changes with aging
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Diet and behavior
Types of laxatives
Fecal impaction
Key Points
Dyschezia
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Diarrhea
Complications
Etiology
Osmotic load
Increased secretions
Reduced contact time/surface area
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Gas-Related Complaints
Etiology
Excessive belching
Distention (bloating)
Excessive flatus
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Approach to the Patient with Upper GI Complaints
Introduction
History
Physical examination
Testing
Chronic and Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Dyspepsia
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Functional GI Illness
Hiccups
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Lump in Throat
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Nausea and Vomiting
Complications
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Rumination
Etiology
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bezoars and Foreign Bodies
Introduction
Bezoars
Etiology
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Foreign Bodies
Esophageal foreign bodies
Gastric and intestinal foreign bodies
Rectal foreign bodies
Diagnostic and Therapeutic GI Procedures
Introduction
Acid-Related Tests
Ambulatory pH Monitoring
Gastric Analysis
Endoscopy
Video capsule endoscopy
GI Procedures for the Generalist
Nasogastric or Intestinal Intubation
Anoscopy and Sigmoidoscopy
Abdominal Paracentesis
Laparoscopy
Manometry
Esophageal manometry
Gastroduodenal manometry
Barostat
Anorectal manometry
Nuclear Scans
Other Testing Procedures
X-ray and Other Imaging Contrast Studies
CT scanning of the abdomen
Diverticular Disease
Introduction
Diverticular Disease of the Stomach and Small Bowel
Diverticulitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Surgery
Diverticulosis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Meckel's Diverticulum
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders
Introduction
Cricopharyngeal Incoordination
Dysphagia
Complications
Etiology
Oropharyngeal dysphagia
Esophageal dysphagia
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Esophageal Diverticula
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Esophageal Rupture
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Etiology
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hiatus Hernia
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Infectious Esophageal Disorders
Candida
HSV and CMV
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Motility Disorders
Achalasia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Symptomatic Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Obstructive Disorders
Lower Esophageal Ring
Esophageal Web
Dysphagia Lusoria
Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease
Introduction
Autoimmune Metaplastic Atrophic Gastritis
Drug Treatment of Gastric Acidity
Proton pump inhibitors
H
2
blockers
Antacids
Prostaglandins
Sucralfate
Gastritis
Erosive Gastritis
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Nonerosive Gastritis
Pathology
Superficial gastritis
Deep gastritis
Gastric atrophy
Metaplasia
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Treatment
Postgastrectomy Gastritis
Uncommon Gastritis Syndromes
Ménétrier's disease
Eosinophilic gastritis
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
Gastritis caused by systemic disorders
Gastritis caused by physical agents
Infectious (septic) gastritis
Helicobacter pylori
Infection
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Noninvasive tests
Invasive tests
Treatment
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Complications
Hemorrhage
Penetration (confined perforation)
Free perforation
Gastric outlet obstruction
Recurrence
Stomach cancer
Treatment
Adjuncts
Surgery
Gastroenteritis
Introduction
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Viruses
Bacteria
Parasites
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Stool testing
General tests
Treatment
Antimicrobials
Prevention
Drug- and Chemical-Related Gastroenteritis
Traveler's Diarrhea
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
GI Bleeding
Introduction
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Airway
Fluid resuscitation
Hemostasis
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Varices
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Vascular GI Lesions
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Extraintestinal Manifestations
Treatment
5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, mesalamine)
Corticosteroids
Immunomodulating drugs
Anticytokine drugs
Antibiotics and probiotics
Supportive care
Crohn's Disease
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
General management
Mild to moderate disease
Moderate to severe disease
Fulminant disease or abscess
Fistulas
Maintenance therapy
Surgery
Ulcerative Colitis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Initial presentation
Recurrent symptoms
Fulminant symptoms
Prognosis
Colon cancer
Treatment
General management
Mild left-sided disease
Moderate or extensive disease
Severe disease
Fulminant colitis
Maintenance therapy
Surgery
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Etiology
Psychosocial factors
Physiologic factors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
History
Physical examination
Testing
Intercurrent disease
Treatment
Diet
Drug therapy
Psychologic therapies
Malabsorption Syndromes
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Confirming malabsorption
Diagnosing the cause of malabsorption
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Carbohydrate Intolerance
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Celiac Sprue
Etiology
Epidemiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Infection and Infestation
Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Short Bowel Syndrome
Treatment
Tropical Sprue
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Whipple's Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pancreatitis
Introduction
Acute Pancreatitis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Laboratory tests
Imaging
Prognosis
Treatment
Chronic Pancreatitis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tumors of the GI Tract
Introduction
Benign Esophageal Tumors
Colorectal Cancer
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Screening tests
Diagnostic test
Prognosis
Treatment
Surgery
Adjuvant therapy
Follow-up
Palliation
Anorectal Cancer
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Carcinoma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Esophageal Cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Other malignant tumors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
General principles
Surgery
External beam radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Palliation
Supportive care
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Pancreatic Cancer
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Symptomatic treatment
Cystadenocarcinoma
Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Tumor
Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
Insulinoma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Acid suppression
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Vipoma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Glucagonoma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Polyps of the Colon and Rectum
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Small-Bowel Tumors
Diagnosis
Treatment
Stomach Cancer
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Screening
Prognosis
Treatment
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